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North American Network Operators Group Date Prev | Date Next | Date Index | Thread Index | Author Index | Historical Re: Points of Failure (was Re: National infrastructure asset) (fwd)
David Lesher <[email protected]> wrote: > George William Herbert leaked to the press: The press are here? I thought we were safer than that ;-) >> On top of that, none of these facilities are sufficiently hardened. >> What takes a backhoe operator ten minutes by accident would be no more >> than an hours work by hand of a sufficiently educated attacker. >> None of these telco buildings are hardened in the traditional >> anti-terrorist sense of the word. There are still co-loc facilities >> in buildings shared with offices of unrelated companies, etc., >> there are still co-loc facilities in buildings with windows into >> server rooms, etc. I could go on but will stop now. The situation >> is hopeless in many areas. > >Fixing THAT is a far far harder issue. We did tackle it once. >It's called variously "Continuity Of Government" or "ATT >Underground" or "L4".. During our last Cold War, ATT spend a few >zillion rate-payer dollars building hardened underground facilities >for the #5 Transcontinental Coaxial Cable. The #5 was buried deep >{~48"} from coast to coast. The underground facilities were solid; >some rated for 10psi shock waves. (The crapper is hung on springs...) >Air filters; generators; airlocks. There was also hardened microwave; >check out the "dish in the hillside" at Mt. Weather. > >Most have been sold off, but not all. (DSN is based in one, as is >GEP.) We gave up when things like MIRVS made it obvious that >the undergrounds could be direct targets. > >Plus, I strongly doubt any facility other than Cheyenne Mountain >or Site R would survive a 767 hit. We don't really need all our coloc buildings, telco switching centers, cable landings to resist a nearby nuclear blast or direct hit from a jumbo jet. Even at the WTC, only a fraction of the damage to telco gear was in buildings the jets hit. Most of the damage was not-hardened buildings nearby getting plastered, or buildings far enough away that they were structurally fine which suffered systems failures running independently in the long-term blackout that followed. Let's look at the "worst credible case" though, jet aircraft. Nuclear reactor domes are rated to survive jumbo jet hits. Jet aircraft are remarkably poor penetrators, in military terminal ballistics terms. Ten feet of good reinforced concrete, at $400/cu yd or so installed, will do the job nicely, though there may be some spalling inside the aircraft won't penetrate. For a 3 story, 120,000 sq ft 200x200x30 ft building that would be about $9.3 million, about $77.70/ft^2. That's a Big Deal but within reason for total building costs, and if your threat isn't quite as serious as "jumbo jets being rammed into building" but then you can have porportionally thinner walls on your bunker/building. Or you can substitute going underground or piling an earth mound on top for some of that. Not that I'm recommending every telco facility be hardened to resist a direct jumbo jet hit. But it's not that ridiculous a task, and lesser hardening (half or 1/3 that level) would be downright reasonable compared to the other costs of making these sorts of buildings for these roles. A 2 foot thick reinforced concrete wall, for example, might well be extremely reasonable. >> Longer term, we all need to think about multi-level hardening of facilities >> and connectivity to avoid "cheap kills" due to accident or malicious attack. >> This gets into traditional datacenter design issues and beyond, into building >> hardening (the new standards for Federal buildings, for example, or even >> better the new standards for US Embassies...). > >Note the biggest safety measure for both the above is also the >hardest to get & keep.... stand-off distance. It's especially >hard to maintain same when you have an active airport's flight >path going overhead. > >And the biggest impediment is the oldest one; they co$t. >LOTS. Who is going to pay? Stand-off distance is a big part of it, and critical if we're worried about carbombs and truckbombs. It's useless if we're worried about aircraft. And won't help at all if the company we leased 400 square feet of cage to brings 2 tons of Semtex in inside Sun E5500 cases. Think of the network firewalls analogy; hard exterior but vulnerable interior is only so good... not all the threats are external. Hell, there are buildings with natural gas service inside the same structural enclosure as the coloc machine room. That can turn into a bomb entirely by accident, much less malicious intent. Or what happens if someone knocks over one of your tanks of fire supression agent with a forklift, and it bounces around the machine room like a scuba tank does when the regulator's knocked off, only 100 times larger. Those can go through foot thick concrete walls or better. Or someone drills into your wet pipe sprinkler system by accident. There are many many angles to all of this. -george william herbert [email protected]
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